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    • 专利摘要:
    Flat reinforcement in the form of a multicomposite ribbon (R1, R2, R3) defining three main directions perpendicular, axial (X), transverse (Y) and radial (Z), of width WR measured in the Y direction between 2 and 100 mm and with a thickness TR measured in the direction Z of between 0.1 and 5 mm, the shape ratio WR / TR being greater than 3, this multicomposite ribbon comprising at least: a plurality of monobrins (10, 20) composite material, oriented in the X direction, comprising filaments of a mineral material (101) embedded in a thermoset resin (102) whose glass transition temperature denoted Tgi is greater than 70 ° C; this plurality of single strands (10, 20) being embedded in a layer of thermoplastic material (12); all or some of these monobrins (10, 20) being flat monofilaments, with a cross-section of width WM measured in the Y direction and thickness TM measured in the Z direction, with a shape ratio WM / TM greater than 1 5. Multilayer laminate comprising such a multi-composite reinforcement. Bandage, pneumatic or non-pneumatic, reinforced with such a multi-composite reinforcement or multilayer laminate.
    公开号:FR3036651A1
    申请号:FR1554800
    申请日:2015-05-28
    公开日:2016-12-02
    发明作者:Antonio Delfino
    申请人:Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland ；Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA；Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The field of the present invention is that of composite reinforcements and multilayer laminates that can be used in particular for reinforcing articles or semi-finished products made of plastic or rubber such as bandages for vehicles of the pneumatic or non-pneumatic type. It relates more particularly to composite reinforcements in the form of composite monofilament ribbons made of mineral filaments embedded in a thermoset resin with high mechanical and thermal properties, and to the use of such monobrins as reinforcement elements of these materials. semi-finished product, articles and in particular bandages. 2. STATE OF THE ART Band designers have long been in search of "reinforcements" (elongated reinforcing elements) of the textile or composite type, with low density, which can advantageously and effectively substitute for conventional metal wires or cables, in particular to reduce in particular the weight of these bandages and also to overcome any corrosion problems. Thus, patent application EP 1,167,080 (or US Pat. No. 7,032,637) has already described a "CVR" (abbreviated for Glass-Resin Composite) single-core, with high mechanical properties, comprising continuous, unidirectional, impregnated glass fibers. in a crosslinked resin vinylester type. This single-strand has, besides a high compression breaking stress, greater than its extension tensile stress, an elongation at break of the order of 3.0 to 3.5% and an initial expansion module of at least GPa; its thermoset resin has a Tg (glass transition temperature) greater than 130 ° C and an initial module in extension of at least 3 GPa.
    [0002] Thanks to the above properties, this application EP 1 167 080 has shown that it was advantageously possible to substitute steel cables composite monobrins, arranged in particular under the tread in parallel sections, as new reinforcing elements. pneumatic tire belts, thereby significantly reducing the structure of these bandages. It has been surprisingly found, however, that these composite monobrins of the prior art, when used as belt reinforcements of certain tires, could suffer a number of breakages in compression, by a collapse or buckling of their structure, during the manufacture-same of these bandages, in particular during the conformation step and / or the final stage of mold baking of these bandages which is known is conducted under high pressure and at a very high temperature, typically above 160 ° C.
    [0003] Thus, the Applicants, in the recently published patent application WO 2015/014578, have already proposed a new CVR monofilament with improved properties of Tg, elongation at break and modulus, conferring on the latter compression properties, particularly at elevated temperature, which are significantly improved over those of the prior art CVR monobrins described in the aforementioned application EP 1 167 080, and which make it possible to overcome the aforementioned problem. Experience shows, however, that the composite straighteners described in the patent documents described above can be further improved, especially for their use in tires, pneumatic or non-pneumatic, for vehicles. 3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Continuing their research, the Applicants have discovered a new reinforcement, based on 25 composite monobrins, whose properties in compression, flexion or transverse shear are significantly improved compared to those of composite monobrins. the prior art. Thus, according to a first object, the present invention relates (with reference in particular to the appended FIGS. 1 to 6) a flat reinforcement in the form of a multicomposite ribbon (R1, R2, R3) defining three main perpendicular directions, axial (X ), transverse (Y) and radial (Z), of width denoted WR measured in the Y direction of between 2 and 100 mm and of thickness denoted TR measured in the Z direction of between 0.1 and 5 mm, the ratio WR / TR being greater than 3, this multicomposite ribbon comprising at least: a plurality of X-direction oriented composite monofilaments (10, 20) comprising filaments of a mineral material (101) embedded in a thermoset resin (102) whose glass transition temperature denoted Tgi is greater than 70 ° C; P10-3597 3036651 -3- this plurality of monobrins being embedded in a layer of thermoplastic material (12); all or some of these monobrins (10, 20) being themselves flat, of width denoted by Wm measured in the direction Y and of thickness denoted Tm measured in the direction Z, with a shape ratio Wm / TM greater than 1.5. It has been found that the specific flat shape of the ribbon, combined on the one hand with the presence of this layer of thermoplastic material and on the other hand with the use of single strands themselves of flattened shape, was capable of imparting properties of endurance in compression, bending or transverse shearing (perpendicular to the X-axis of the single-strand and ribbon) which are noticeably improved, particularly at a high temperature, compared to those of single-strand composite material used conventionally, especially without this layer of thermoplastic material coating them.
    [0004] Furthermore, the thermoplastic and therefore hot-melt nature of the material covering the single strands, makes it very advantageous to manufacture, in a manner of "gluing or thermal assembly", a large variety of more complex multicomposite structures, based on ribbons according to the invention, this by at least partial melting of this covering material, then cooling the assembly once the elementary tapes arranged together, arranged appropriately. The invention also relates to any multilayer laminate comprising at least one multicomposite ribbon according to the invention, disposed between and in contact with two layers of rubber composition, in particular diene.
    [0005] The invention also relates to any finished article or semi-finished product of plastics material or rubber comprising a multi-composite reinforcement or a multilayer laminate according to the invention. More particularly, the invention relates to a tire, pneumatic or non-pneumatic tire, wherein the multi-composite reinforcement or multilayer laminate is present in the belt of the tire or in the carcass reinforcement of the tire, or in the bead area of the tire. The invention also relates to the use of a multi-composite or multilayer laminate reinforcement according to the invention, as reinforcing element for semi-finished articles or semi-finished products made of plastic or rubber such as pipes, belts, conveyor belts, pneumatic or non-pneumatic tires for vehicles, as well as these articles, semi-finished products and bandages themselves, both in the raw state (ie before firing or vulcanisation) and in the cooked state (after cooking). P10-3597 3036651 - 4 - The bandages of the invention, in particular, may be intended for motor vehicles of the tourism type, 4x4, "SUV" (Sport Utility Vehicles), but also to industrial vehicles chosen from vans, "Heavy goods vehicles" - ie, metros, buses, road transport vehicles (trucks, tractors, trailers), off-the-road vehicles -, agricultural or civil engineering machinery, airplanes, other commercial vehicles used for transport or handling . The multicomponent ribbon and the multilayer laminate of the invention are particularly useful as reinforcing elements in crown reinforcement (or belts) or in pneumatic or non-pneumatic tire carcass reinforcement, as described in particular for pneumatic tires. in the aforementioned EP 1 167 080 or US Pat. No. 7,032,637. They could also be present in the bead area of such bandages. The multicomponent ribbon of the invention is also advantageously usable, because of its improved low density and compressive, flexural and transverse shear properties, as a reinforcing element in tires or non-pneumatic type flexible wheels. that is, structurally supported (without internal pressure). Such bandages are well known to those skilled in the art (see for example EP 1 242 254 or US 6,769,465, EP 1 359 028 or US 6,994,135, EP 1 242 254 or US 6,769,465, US 7,201,194. WO 00/37269 or US 6,640,859, WO 2007/085414, WO 2008/080535, WO 2009/033620, WO 2009/135561, WO 2012/032000); when they are associated with any rigid mechanical element intended to ensure the connection between the flexible tire and the hub of a wheel, they replace the assembly constituted by the tire, the rim and the disc as known on most current road vehicles.
    [0006] The invention as well as its advantages will be readily understood in the light of the detailed description and the following exemplary embodiments, as well as FIGS. 1 to 8 relating to these examples which diagrammatically (without respecting a specific scale): - In cross section, a flat monofilament (10), rectangular cross section, usable in a multicomposite reinforcement according to the invention (Figure 1); - In cross-section, an example (R1) of multicomponent ribbon according to the invention based on several flat monobrins (10) (Figure 2); in cross-section, another example (R2) of multicomponent ribbon according to the invention based on a plurality of flat monobrins (FIG 3); in cross-section, another example of flat-shaped single-core (20), this time with an oblong cross-section, usable in a multicomposite ribbon according to the invention (FIG. - In cross-section, another example (R3) multicomponent ribbon according to the invention based on single-strand (20) oblong section (Figure 5); In cross-section, an example (30) of multilayer laminate according to the invention comprising a multicomposite ribbon according to the invention (for example R1) itself placed between two layers of rubber compositions (FIG. 6); a device that can be used for the manufacture of a single core (10 or 20) which can be used as the basic constituent element of a multicomposite ribbon according to the invention (FIG. in radial section, an example of a pneumatic tire according to the invention, incorporating a multicomposite ribbon and a multilayer laminate according to the invention (FIG 8). 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In the present application, unless expressly indicated otherwise, all the percentages (%) indicated are percentages by weight.
    [0007] Any range of values designated by the expression "between a and b" represents the range of values from more than a to less than b (i.e., terminals a and b excluded) while any range of values denoted by "from a to b" means the range of values from a to b (i.e., including the strict limits a and b).
    [0008] Unless otherwise expressly indicated, all the mechanical properties in extension or in compression are measured (on single-grain, thermoset resin, or thermoplastic material) at a temperature of 20 ° C. The invention therefore relates to a reinforcement of the multicomposite type, in other words a composite composite, which has the characteristic of being flat, of being in the form of a ribbon, that is to say of a narrow elongated continuous element, of great length relative to the dimensions of its section. By "flat" reinforcement is here meant conventionally and generally a reinforcement whose aspect ratio or ratio width to thickness (WR / TR) of the cross-section is greater than 3, regardless of the particular shape (rectangular or non-rectangular, for example oval or oblong, concave or convex) of its cross section, it being understood that the preferred form of the cross section of the ribbon is substantially rectangular or oblong.
    [0009] This multicomposite flat ribbon or reinforcement, as schematized for example partially in FIG. 2 (R1), FIG. 3 (R2) or FIG. 5 (R3), being able to define three principal directions perpendicular, axial (X), transverse (Y) and radial (Z), therefore has a width WR measured along Y between 2 and 100 mm and a thickness TR measured according to Z between 0.1 and 5 mm, the ratio WR / TR being by definition greater than 3.
    [0010] It has as its essential characteristics to comprise at least: a plurality (that is to say two or more) of monobrins (10, 20) of composite material, oriented in the direction X, comprising filaments of a mineral material (101) embedded in a thermoset resin (102) whose glass transition temperature denoted Tgi is greater than 70 ° C; this plurality of single strands being coated with a layer of thermoplastic material (12); all or some of these single strands (10, 20), preferably all, being single-strands themselves of flattened shape, that is to say anisometrically cross-section, of width Wm measured in the Y direction and of thickness Tm measured along the direction Z such that their aspect ratio Wm / Tm is greater than 1.5. By "flat" monobrin, is meant by definition a single-strand whose aspect ratio or width to thickness ratio (Wm / Tm) of the cross section, anisometric, is greater than 1.5, whatever the particular shape ( rectangular or non-rectangular, for example oval or oblong, concave or convex) of its cross section. Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the flat monobrins is substantially rectangular or oblong.
    [0011] The structure of the multicomposite ribbon of the invention is described in detail below. Figures 2, 3 and 5 appended illustrate very schematically, in cross sections, examples (denoted R1, R2 or R3) of multicomponent ribbons according to the invention respectively based on single strand (10, 20) anisometric cross section for example rectangular (10) or oblong (20). It can be seen that the structure of the ribbons according to the invention can be defined according to the three perpendicular main directions, an axial direction (X) corresponding to the longitudinal axis or length of the ribbon, a transverse direction (Y) corresponding to the direction 30 the width WR of the ribbon and a so-called radial direction (Z) corresponding to the thickness TR of the ribbon. Preferably, their width WR measured along Y is between 2.5 and 50 mm; the ratio WR / TR is preferably greater than 5, more preferably greater than 10.
    [0012] Preferably, particularly when the tape of the invention is intended to reinforce a rubber article such as a tire for a vehicle, the width WR is between 3 and 40 mm, in particular between 5 and 25 mm, and the thickness TR is between 0.15 and 3 mm, more preferably between 0.20 and 2.5 mm, in particular between 0.5 and 1.5 mm; the ratio WR / TR 40 is more preferably between 10 and 50, in particular between 10 and 30. As illustrated for example in FIGS. 1 and 4, each single-core (10 or 20) of composite material, oriented in the direction X, comprises filaments of a mineral material (101) embedded in a thermoset resin (102) whose glass transition temperature denoted by Tgi is greater than 70 ° C., preferably greater than 100 ° C., more preferably greater than 150 ° C, in particular greater than 170 ° C, more particularly greater than 190 ° C. As illustrated for example in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5, the set of composite monobrins 10 (10a, 10b, 10c, 20a, 20b, 20c, ...) is coated with a layer of thermoplastic material (12), embedded in the latter, thermoplastic material whose glass transition temperature denoted Tg2 is preferably greater than -30 ° C, more preferably greater than 20 ° C, even more preferably greater than 50 ° C, in particular greater than 70 ° C.
    [0013] The thickness noted Tm of each flat monofilament constituting the multicomposite ribbon of the invention is preferably between 0.05 and 3.0 mm, more preferably between 0.1 and 2.5 mm, in particular between 0.15 and 3.0 mm. and 2.0 mm. This characteristic also covers, for example, composite monobrins of essentially rectangular shape as illustrated for example in FIG. 1, as composite monobrins of different shapes, for example of oblong shape (that is to say more or less oval) as shown for example in Figure 4. The elongation at break noted Ar multicomposite ribbon of the invention, measured at 20 ° C, is preferably equal to or greater than 3.0%, more preferably equal to or greater at 3.5%.
    [0014] Its modulus of extension (Young modulus, or initial modulus) longitudinal (that is to say in the X direction) noted E1L20, measured at 20 ° C, is preferably greater than 10 GPa, in particular between 10 and 20 GPa; it is more preferably greater than 12 GPa, in particular between 12 and 20 GPa.
    [0015] Its modulus in extension (Young modulus, or initial modulus) transverse (that is to say in the Y direction) denoted ERT20, measured at 20 ° C., is preferably greater than 300 MPa, more preferably between 300 and 3000 MPa, even more preferably greater than 1000 MPa, in particular between 1000 and 3000 MPa; it is more particularly greater than 1300 MPa, in particular between 1300 and 2500 MPa. In this ribbon of the invention, the initial modulus in extension (Em20, according to X) of each single strand, measured at 20 ° C., is preferably greater than 30 GPa, more preferably greater than 35 GPa.
    [0016] The above mechanical properties (Ar, E1L20, ERT20 and EM20) are measured in known manner using an "INSTRON" traction machine of the type 4466 (BLUEHILL software). 2 supplied with the pulling machine), according to ASTM D 638, on ribbons or unfinished production strands, that is to say unglued, or glued (that is to say, ready for use). use) or extracted from the rubber or plastic article they reinforce. Before measurement, these ribbons or single strands are subjected to a preliminary conditioning (storage for at least 24 hours in a standard atmosphere according to the European standard DIN EN 20139 (temperature of 20 ± 2 ° C, hygrometry of 50 ± 5%)). The tested samples are pulled over an initial length of 400 mm at a nominal speed of 100 m / min, under a standard pretension of 0.5 cN / tex. All results given are an average of 10 measurements. Typically, the mineral material filaments (101) are present in the form of a single multifilament fiber or several multifilament fibers (if they are plural, they are preferably substantially unidirectional), each of which may comprise several tens , hundreds or even thousands of unit filaments. These very fine unitary filaments generally and preferably, in particular when they are made of glass, have an average diameter of the order of 5 to 30 μm, more preferably 10 to 20 μm. The filaments of mineral material are themselves preferentially oriented along the main axis X of the ribbon. By "resin" is meant here the resin as such and any composition based on this resin and comprising at least one additive (that is to say one or more additives). By "thermoset" or "cross-linked" resin, it is of course understood that the resin is cured (photocured and / or thermoset), in other words that it is in the form of a network of three-dimensional bonds, in which a state specific to so-called thermosetting polymers (as opposed to so-called thermoplastic polymers). According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the real part of the complex module (E'miso) of each single strand, measured at 150 ° C. by the DTMA method, is greater than 25 GPa, preferably greater than 30 GPa. According to another particularly preferred embodiment, for an optimized compromise of the thermal and mechanical properties of the multicomposite ribbon of the invention, the ratio E9m (Tgl-25) / E9M20 is greater than 0.85, preferably greater than 0, 90, E9M20 and E'm (ro -25) being the real part of the complex modulus of each monobrin measured by DMTA, respectively at 20 ° C and at a temperature expressed in ° C equal to (Tgi-25). The measurements of E 'are carried out in a known manner by DMTA ("Dynamical Mechanical Thermal Analysis"), with a "DMA + 450" viscoanalyzer from ACOEM (France), using the "Dynatest 6.83 / 2010" software. piloting bending, traction or torsion tests.
    [0017] According to this device, since the three-point bending test does not make it possible, in known manner, to enter the initial geometrical data for a non-rectangular single-section core (for example circular or oblong), it is only possible to introduce the geometry of a rectangular section. (or square). In order to obtain an accurate measurement of the module E 'in the case of a monofilament of any section of thickness Tm, the software is conventionally introduced into a square section of side "a" having the same moment of inertia of surface, this in order to work at the same stiffness R tested test pieces. The following well-known relations must apply (E being the modulus of the material, Is the moment of inertia of the surface of the body considered, and * the symbol of multiplication): Ecomposite * 'section any composite * te' square section With for example here, for the sake of clarity, in the case of a circular section (diameter of the monofilament denoted DM): circular section = Dm4 / 64 and square section - a4 / 12. on the side "a" of the equivalent square with the same surface inertia as that of the section (for the example, here circular) of the single-strand of diameter Dm, according to the equation: a = Dm * (T1 / 6) 0, 25. In the case where the cross-section of the tested sample is neither circular nor rectangular, whatever its particular form, the same method of calculation will apply by previously determining the moment of surface inertia Is on a section right of the sample tested. The test specimen, generally of rectangular section and thickness Tm, has a length of 35 mm. It is arranged horizontally on two supports 24 mm apart.
    [0018] A repeated bending stress is applied perpendicularly to the center of the specimen, midway between the two supports, in the form of a vertical displacement of amplitude equal to 0.1 mm (thus asymmetrical deformation, the inside of the specimen being stressed only in compression and not in extension), at a frequency of 10 Hz.
    [0019] The following program is then applied: under this dynamic stress, the test piece is gradually heated from 25 ° C to 260 ° C with a ramp of 2 ° C / min. At the end of the test the measurements of the elastic modulus E ', the viscous modulus E "and the loss angle (δ) as a function of the temperature (where E' is the same) are obtained. real part and E "the imaginary part of the complex module); it will be recalled here simply that the glass transition temperature can also be measured by DTMA, it corresponds to the maximum (peak) of tan ().
    [0020] According to a preferred embodiment, the elastic deformation in flexural compression of each single strand is greater than 3.0%, more preferably greater than 3.5%, in particular greater than 4.0%. According to another preferred embodiment, the compressive stress under flexure of each single-strand is greater than 1000 MPa, more preferably greater than 1200 MPa, in particular greater than 1400 MPa. The above properties in flexural compression are measured on the single-core machine as described in the aforementioned application EP 1 167 080, by the so-called loop test method (D. Inclair, J. App Phys 21, 380, 1950). . In the present case, a loop is made which is progressively brought to the breaking point. The nature of the fracture, easily observable because of the large size of the section, immediately reveals that the single-core, bending until it ruptures, breaks on the side where the material is in extension, which the 'we identify by simple observation. Since in this case the dimensions of the loop are important, it is possible at any time to read the radius of the circle inscribed in the loop. The radius of the circle inscribed just before the breaking point corresponds to the critical radius of curvature, denoted by Rc. The following formula then makes it possible to determine by calculation the critical elastic deformation denoted Ec (where Tm corresponds to the thickness of the single strand): Ec = (Tm / 2) / [Rc + (Tm / 2)] The breaking stress in flexural compression noted a, is obtained by the calculation by the following formula (where E is the initial modulus in extension): ac = Ec * E Since, in the preferential case, in particular in the more preferential case of a single strand in CVR, the rupture of the loop appears in the extension part, it is concluded that, in bending, the compressive breaking stress is greater than the extension tensile stress. Bending of a rectangular bar can also be performed by the so-called three-point method (ASTM D 790). This method also makes it possible to verify, visually, that the nature of the rupture is indeed in extension.
    [0021] According to a preferred embodiment, the breaking stress in pure compression of each single strand is greater than 700 MPa, more preferably greater than 900 MPa, in particular greater than 1100 MPa. In order to avoid buckling of the single-core under compression, this quantity is measured according to the method described in the publication "Critical Compressive Stress for Continuous Fiber Unidirectional Composites" by Thomp et al, Journal of Composite Materials, 46 (26), 3231-3245. . Preferably, in each single-strand, the level of alignment of the filaments of mineral material, in particular glass, is such that more than 85% (% by number) of the filaments have an inclination with respect to the axis of the single strand which is less than 2.0 degrees, more preferably less than 1.5 degrees, this inclination (or misalignment) being measured as described in the above publication by Thompson et al.
    [0022] Preferably, the weight ratio of fibers in each single strand, in particular in each single strand CVR, is between 60 and 80%, preferably between 65 and 75%. This weight ratio is calculated by making the ratio of the title of the initial fiber to the title of the single strand. The titre (or linear density) is determined on at least three samples, each corresponding to a length of 50 m, by weighing this length; the title is given in tex (weight in grams of 1000 m of product - as a reminder, 0, 111 tex equals 1 denier). Preferably, the density (or density) of each single strand, in particular CVR, is between 1.8 and 2.1. It is measured (at 23 ° C.) using a Mettler Toledo specialist scale of the "PG503 DeltaRange" type; the samples, a few cm, are successively weighed in the air and immersed in ethanol; the device software then determines the average density over three measurements. Preferably, the mineral multifilament fibers are selected from glass fibers, carbon fibers, boron fibers, ceramic fibers (including oxide fibers such as silica or alumina fibers, and polyester fibers). non-oxide such as silicon carbide fibers), and mixtures of such fibers. In other words, the constituent mineral material of the single-strand filaments is preferably selected from glass, carbon, boron and ceramics. More preferably, the mineral material is glass for the manufacture of single strands known as "CVR" (abbreviated Glass-Resin Composite). The starting resin used is, by definition, a crosslinkable resin (ie, hardenable) which can be crosslinked, cured by any known method, for example by UV (or UV-visible) radiation, preferably emitting in a spectrum of at least 300 nm to 450 nm. As the crosslinkable resin, a polyester or vinylester resin, more preferably a vinylester resin, is preferably used. By "polyester" resin is meant in known manner an unsaturated polyester resin. Vinylester resins are well known in the field of composite materials. Without this definition being limiting, the vinylester resin is preferably of the epoxyvinylester type. It is more preferable to use a vinylester resin, in particular of the epoxide type, which is at least partly based (that is to say grafted on a structure of the type) novolac (also called phenoplast) and / or bisphenol, or preferably a vinylester resin containing novolac, bisphenolic, or novolak and bisphenol.
    [0023] A novolac-based epoxyvinylester resin (part in square brackets in formula I below), for example, in a known manner, corresponds to the following formula (I): (I) OH 20 A bisphenol A-based epoxyvinylester resin ( part in square brackets of formula (II) below) for example meets the formula (the "A" recalling that the product is manufactured using acetone): 25 0 0 OH 0 OH 0 II 30 A resin Epoxyvinylester type novolac and bisphenolic showed excellent results. By way of example of such a resin, there may be mentioned in particular the vinylester resins "ATLAC 590" and "E-Nova FW 2045" from the company DSM (diluted with approximately 40% of P10-3597 3036651 - 13 - styrene) . Epoxyvinylester resins are available from other manufacturers such as for example AOC (USA - "VIPEL" resins). Preferably, in the multicomponent reinforcement of the invention, the initial modulus in extension of the thermoset resin, measured at 20 ° C., is greater than 3.0 GPa, more preferably greater than 3.5 GPa. Preferred CVR single strands for use in the manufacture of the ribbon of the invention are well known; they may be prepared according to known processes, preferably comprising at least the following steps: - making a rectilinear arrangement of glass fibers (filaments) and causing this arrangement in a direction of advancement: - in a vacuum chamber, degassing the arrangement of fibers by the action of vacuum; At the outlet of the vacuum chamber, after degassing, passing through a vacuum impregnation chamber so as to impregnate said fiber arrangement with a thermosetting resin or thermosetting resin composition, in the liquid state, to obtain an impregnated impregnated material; glass filaments and resin; passing said impregnated through a sizing die having a section of predetermined surface and shape, to impose a form of flat monofilament (for example a monofilament of rectangular or oblong cross section); downstream of the die, in a UV irradiation chamber, polymerizing the resin under the action of UV; and then wound for intermediate storage the monobrin thus obtained.
    [0024] All the above steps (arrangement, degassing, impregnation, calibration, polymerization and final winding) are steps well known to those skilled in the art, as well as the materials (multifilament fibers and resin compositions) used; they have, for example, been described in applications EP-A-1 074 369 and EP-A-1 174 250.
    [0025] It will be recalled in particular that before any impregnation of the fibers, a degassing step of the fiber arrangement is preferably carried out by the action of the vacuum, in particular in order to reinforce the effectiveness of the subsequent impregnation and especially to guarantee the absence of bubbles inside the final composite monofilament.
    [0026] After passing through the vacuum chamber, the glass filaments enter an impregnation chamber which is totally filled with impregnating resin, thus free from air: it is in this sense that this step can be described as impregnation of "vacuum impregnation". The resin (impregnating resin composition) preferably comprises a sensitive photoinitiator (reagent) with UV radiation above 300 nm, preferably between 300 and 450 nm. This photoinitiator is used at a preferential rate of 0.5 to 3%, more preferably 1 to 2.5%. It may also comprise a crosslinking agent, for example at a level of between 5% and 15% (% by weight of impregnating composition). Preferably, this photoinitiator is of the family of phosphine compounds, more preferably a bis (acyl) phosphine oxide such as, for example, bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phenylphosphine oxide ("Irgacure 819" from BASF) or a mono (acyl) phosphine oxide (for example "Esacure TPO" from Lamberti), such phosphine compounds being suitable for use in admixture with other photoinitiators, for example photoinitiators. alpha-hydroxy ketone type such as, for example, dimethylhydroxyacetophenone (eg "Lamberti KL200") or 1-hydroxycyclohexyl-phenylketone (eg "Lamberti KS300"), benzophenones such as 2 , 4,6-trimethylbenzophenone (eg "Lamberti TZT Esacure") and / or thioxanthone derivatives such as for example isopropylthioxanthone (eg "Lamberti's Esacure ITX"). The so-called sizing die makes it possible, by virtue of a cross-section of determined dimensions, generally and preferably rectangular or oblong, to adjust the proportion of resin with respect to the glass fibers while imposing on the impregnated the shape and the Thickness targets for the final single strand. The polymerization or UV irradiation chamber then has the function of polymerizing and curing the resin under the action of UV. It comprises one or preferably several UV irradiators, constituted for example each by a UV lamp having a wavelength of 200 to 600 nm. The final CVR monofilament thus formed through the UV irradiation chamber, in which the resin is now in the solid state, is then harvested for example on a receiving coil on which it can be wound on a very long length. . Between the sizing die and the final receiving medium, it is preferred to maintain the tensions experienced by the glass fibers at a moderate level, preferably between 0.2 and 2.0 cN / tex, more preferably between 0.3. and 1.5 cN / tex; to control this, one can for example measure these voltages directly at the output of the irradiation chamber, using appropriate tensiometers well known to those skilled in the art. Finally, a finished composite block of manufacture as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 is obtained in the form of a continuous CVR monofilament (10) of thickness Tm, of very large length relative to its thickness. section (in this rectangular example), whose unit glass filaments (101) are homogeneously distributed throughout the volume of hardened resin (102).
    [0027] FIG. 4 shows another possible example of a finished composite block of manufacture, this time in the form of a continuous CVR monofilament (20) of thickness Tm whose section is non-rectangular (in this oblong example), based on unit glass filaments (101) embedded in the cured resin (102).
    [0028] Advantageously, before deposition of the thermoplastic material sheath (12), the monobrins (10, 20) can be subjected to an adhesion treatment in order to improve the subsequent adhesion between the thermoset resin (102) previously described and the thermoplastic sheath (12). A suitable chemical treatment may for example consist of a prior passage in an aqueous bath based on epoxy resin and / or isocyanate compound, followed by at least one heat treatment to remove the water and polymerize the adhesive layer. Such adhesion treatments are well known to those skilled in the art. Once the monobrins (10, 20) are manufactured, then arranged parallel side by side in the main direction (X), the latter are sheathed together, covered with a layer of thermoplastic material (12), as illustrated for example in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5 which will be discussed in more detail later. This step of coating or covering with the thermoplastic material is carried out in a manner known to those skilled in the art. It consists, for example, in passing the composite strands through one or more dies of suitable diameter, in extrusion heads heated to appropriate temperatures, or in a coating bath containing the thermoplastic material previously placed in solution in a suitable organic solvent (or solvent mixture).
    [0029] At the extrusion outlet, the strands thus coated, sheathed with the thermoplastic material, are then cooled sufficiently so as to solidify the layer of thermoplastic material, for example with air or another cold gas, or by passing through a bath water followed by a drying step.
    [0030] By way of example, the covering of a series of 4 parallel rectangular CVR monobrins of rectangular cross-section, of width and thickness respectively close to 1.5 mm and 0.3 mm, by a layer of PET of minimum thickness emin equal to about 0.15 mm, for obtaining a multicomposite ribbon having a width of about 10 mm and a thickness of about 0.6 mm, is produced on an extrusion-cladding line comprising for example two rectangular calibration dies, a first die (counter-die or upstream die) of equal width P10-3597 3036651 - 16 - at about 11 mm and height equal to about 0.65 mm and a second die (or die downstream) ) of slightly larger dimensions (for example width of 12 mm and height of 0.70 mm), both arranged in an extrusion head heated to about 290 ° C. These two so-called calibration channels allow, thanks to a cross-section of determined dimensions, to adjust the proportion of thermoplastic material with respect to single strands of composite material, by imposing on the multicomposite ribbon the final shape and thickness targeted. The polyester, melted at a temperature of 280 ° C. in the extruder, thus covers the CVR flat monobrins, previously separated upstream through a comb and suitably arranged, through the cladding head, to a single strand speed typically equal to several tens of m / min, for an extrusion pump flow typically of several tens of cm3 / min. At the outlet of this cladding, the ribbon obtained can be immersed in a cooling tank filled with cold water, to solidify and freeze the polyester in its amorphous state, then dried for example in line by an air nozzle, or by passage of the receiving coil to the oven. The layer or sheath covering the monobrins (10) made of CVR or other mineral material is thus constituted by a thermoplastic material (12) whose vitreous transition temperature (Tg2) is preferably greater than -30 ° C., more preferably greater than -30 ° C. 20 ° C, even more preferably greater than 50 ° C, in particular greater than 70 ° C. On the other hand, the melting temperature (denoted Tf) of this thermoplastic material (12) is preferably greater than 100 ° C, more preferably greater than 150 ° C, in particular greater than 200 ° C.
    [0031] Preferably, the minimum thickness (denoted emin) of the layer of thermoplastic material covering each single strand (measured "on the back" of each single strand), is between 0.05 and 0.5 mm, more preferably between 0.1 and 0.4 mm, in particular between 0.1 and 0.3 mm.
    [0032] Preferably, the initial modulus in extension of this thermoplastic material (12) is between 300 and 3000 MPa, more preferably between 500 and 2500 MPa, in particular between 500 and 2000 MPa; its elastic elongation is preferably greater than 5%, more preferably greater than 8%, in particular greater than 10%; its elongation at break is preferably greater than 10%, more preferably 15%, in particular greater than 20%. Typically, the thermoplastic material is a polymer or a polymeric composition (composition based on at least one polymer and at least one additive).
    [0033] This thermoplastic polymer is preferably selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyesters, polyimides and mixtures of such polymers, more particularly in the group consisting of polyesters, polyetherimides and mixtures such polymers.
    [0034] Among the aliphatic polyamides that may be mentioned in particular are polyamides 4-6, 6, 6-6, 11 or 12. The thermoplastic polymer is more preferably a polyester; Among the polyesters, mention may be made more particularly of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PBN (polybutylene naphthalate), PPT (polypropylene terephthalate), PPN (polypropylene naphthalate). According to another more preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer is a polyetherimide (PET), for example the product "ULTEM 1000" from GE Plastics. To the above polymer or polymer blend may be optionally added, to form a polymeric composition, various additives such as dye, filler, plasticizer, antioxidant or other stabilizer. It is advantageous to add to the thermoplastic material above, compatible components, preferably themselves thermoplastic, capable of promoting adhesion to a diene rubber matrix, for example unsaturated TPS (styrene thermoplastic) elastomers, in particular epoxidized, as described for example in the applications WO 2013/117474 and WO 2013/117475. According to a preferred embodiment, the sheath (12) comprises a single thermoplastic material. Alternatively, the sheath (12) could, however, comprise several distinct thermoplastics. As thermoplastic polymer, one could also use thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), especially TPS elastomers, saturated or unsaturated, as described for example in the applications WO2010 / 136389, WO2010 / 105975, WO2011 / 012521, WO2011 / 051204, WO2012 / 016757, WO2012 / 038340, WO2012 / 038341, WO2012 / 069346, WO2012 / 104279, WO2012 / 104280 and WO2012 / 104281, or mixtures of non-elastomeric polymers as described above and such thermoplastic elastomers.
    [0035] It will be recalled here that thermoplastic elastomers (for example styrenic), of intermediate structure between thermoplastic polymers and elastomers, consist in known manner of rigid thermoplastic blocks (for example polystyrene) linked by flexible elastomer blocks, for example polybutadiene, polyisoprene or poly (ethylene / butylene). This is why, in a known manner, the TPE or TPS copolymers are generally characterized by the presence of two glass transition peaks, the first peak (the lowest temperature, generally negative). being relative to the elastomeric block of the copolymer, the second peak (the highest temperature, generally and preferably positive, corresponding to Tg2) being relative to the thermoplastic part (for example styrene blocks) of the copolymer.
    [0036] Tg2 are measured in a known manner by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), in the second pass, for example, and unless otherwise specified herein, according to ASTM D3418 of 1999 (Mettler Toledo DSC "822-2" apparatus; Nitrogen atmosphere: samples previously brought from ambient temperature (20 ° C) to 10 250 ° C (10 ° C / min), then rapidly cooled (quenching) to a temperature preferably at least 50 ° C lower than the temperature Tg considered (for example up to 20 ° C), before final recording of the DSC curve of this quenching temperature (for example 20 ° C) up to 250 ° C, with a ramp of 10 ° C / min).
    [0037] FIG. 2 schematizes, in cross-section, an example (R1) of a multicomposite ribbon according to the invention, in which a series (for example 4) of flat CVR monobrins (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e) such as previously described, for example width and thickness respectively close to 1.5 mm and 0.3 mm, has been covered by its layer, sheath of thermoplastic material, for example PET, minimal thickness emin (for example equal to 20 mm). about 0.15 mm) measured on the back of each single strand. In this example, the cross-section of each single-strand is rectangular. These single strands are arranged substantially in the same plane (X, Y), aligned parallel in the main direction (X). The thickness denoted TR of this ribbon R1 of the invention, equal to Tm + 2 emin, is therefore equal to approximately 0.6 mm in this example. Its width denoted WR is for example equal to 10 mm, the ratio WR / TR thus being equal to approximately 17. FIG. 3 schematizes, in cross-section, another example (R2) of multicomposite ribbon according to the invention, in which a series of single strands (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, ....), for example of thickness equal to 0.3 mm, was covered by its layer, sheath of thermoplastic material, for example PET , minimal thickness emin (for example equal to about 0.15 mm) measured on the back of each single strand. In this example, the cross-section of each single-strand is rectangular. These monobrins 35 are arranged this time in "staggered" (offset with respect to the next, in the Z direction), aligned parallel in the main direction (X). The thickness denoted TR of this ribbon R1 of the invention, greater than Tm + 2 emin, is for example equal to about 1.1 mm in this example. Its width denoted WR is for example equal to 20 mm, the ratio WR / TR thus being equal to approximately 18.
    [0038] FIG. 5 schematizes, in cross-section, another example (R3) of multicomponent ribbon according to the invention, in which a series (for example between 3 and 15) of single-stranded strands (20a, 20b). , 20c, 20d, 20e, ....), for example of thickness equal to 0.6 mm, was covered by its layer, sheath of thermoplastic material, for example PET, of minimal thickness emin (by example equal to about 0.2 mm) measured on the back of each single strand. In this example, the cross section of each single strand is substantially oblong. These single strands are arranged substantially in the same plane (X, Y), aligned parallel in the main direction (X). The thickness TR of this ribbon R1 of the invention, equal to Tm + 2 emin, is therefore about 1.0 mm in this example. Thanks to the combined presence of its mineral filaments such as glass, its thermoset matrix and the thermoplastic sheath filling somewhat of a function of shrinking ("strain limiter") of the single strands, the multicomposite ribbon 15 The invention is characterized by improved transverse cohesion, high dimensional, mechanical and thermal stability. Preferably, in the multicomposite ribbon of the invention, the monobrins are non-contiguous in the (Y, Z) plane of the cross-section of the ribbon, so that they can deform and work optimally with respect to each other. others in the thermoplastic matrix, in flexion, compression and / or shear. More preferably, as illustrated by way of example in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5, the single rods are two by two separated by an average distance denoted "d", measured in this plane (Y, Z), such that the ratio d / Wm is between 0.1 and 3. By mean distance "d" is meant, of course, the average calculated on the total of the single strands (10a, 10b, 10, 10d, 10e, 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e, ...) present in the ribbon of the invention, this average being itself averaged over 10 successive cross sections of the ribbon of the invention, at least 10 cm apart from one another .
    [0039] If d / Wm is less than 0.1, there is a risk of being exposed to a certain lack of flexibility, especially in transverse shear, of the ribbon whereas if d / Wm is greater than 3, a lack of uniformity of the deformation bending and / or compression may occur. For these reasons, the d / Wm ratio is more preferably between 0.2 and 2, more preferably between 0.5 and 1.5, particularly in the case of reinforcing a tire for a vehicle. The number of single strands in the ribbon of the invention is preferably in a range from 2 to 40, more preferably from 3 to 30, even more preferably from 4 to 40, especially in the case of reinforcing a tire for vehicle. P10-3597 3036651 - 20 - Preferably, as illustrated in Figures 2, 3 and 5, the minimum thickness (emin) of the layer of thermoplastic material covering each single strand (and thus measured "back" of each single strand) at the periphery the reinforcement is between 0.05 and 0.5 mm, preferably between 0.1 and 0.4 mm. This thickness (emin) is of course the average thickness calculated on the total of the single strands present in the ribbon of the invention, this average being itself averaged over 10 different cross sections of the composite ribbon, by convention distant one of the other at least 10 cm.
    [0040] The invention also relates to a multilayer laminate comprising at least one multi-composite reinforcement according to the invention as described above, placed between and in contact with two layers of rubber or elastomer composition, in particular diene. In the present application, the term "laminate" or "multilayer laminate" is understood to mean in the known sense of the International Patent Classification: any product having at least two layers, of flat or non-planar shape, which are contact one of the other, the latter may or may not be connected, connected to each other; the term "bound" or "connected" should be interpreted extensively to include all connecting or joining means, in particular by gluing; "Diene" rubber: any elastomer (elastomer alone or mixture of elastomers) which is derived, at least in part (ie, a homopolymer or a copolymer), from monomers dienes, that is to say from monomers carrying two double carbon-carbon bonds, whether the latter are conjugated or not.
    [0041] FIG. 6 shows an example of such a multilayer laminate (30) having a multi-composite ribbon (R1), consisting of a series of CVR monobrins (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, ...) as schematized in FIG. 1 above, embedded in their thermoplastic sheath (12), this multicomposite ribbon according to the invention (R1) being itself disposed between and in contact with two layers (14a, 14b) of rubber compositions (for example diene elastomer) of identical or different formulations, to form the final multilayer laminate according to the invention (30). This lightweight, high-performance multilayer laminate, insensitive to corrosion, makes it possible to advantageously replace conventional plies reinforced with steel cables. In addition to the presence of a significant amount of thermoplastic material replacing the rubber, this laminate of the invention has the further advantage of being weakly hysteretic compared to these conventional fabrics. However, a major objective of tire manufacturers is also to lower the hysteresis of their components to reduce the rolling resistance of these tires. Among all the advantages of the multilayer laminate of the invention, it can also be mentioned that the thermoplastic sheath (12) has an intermediate rigidity between the rigidity of the single-strand (10) and the stiffness of the rubber matrix (14a, 14b ). The rigidity between the single rods and the rubber matrix is therefore less discontinuous than in the absence of sheath (12), this reduces the stresses exerted on the interfaces and improves the overall endurance of the multilayer laminate.
    [0042] Each layer of rubber composition, or hereinafter "rubber layer", constituting the multilayer laminate of the tire of the invention is based on at least one elastomer, preferably of the diene type.
    [0043] This diene elastomer is preferably selected from the group consisting of polybutadienes (BR), natural rubber (NR), synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), various butadiene copolymers, various isoprene copolymers, and mixtures thereof. of these elastomers, such copolymers being especially chosen from the group consisting of butadiene-styrene copolymers (SBR), isoprene-butadiene copolymers (BIR), isoprene-styrene copolymers (SIR) and copolymers isoprene-butadiene-styrene (SBIR). A particularly preferred embodiment is to use an "isoprene" elastomer, i.e., a homopolymer or copolymer of isoprene, in other words a diene elastomer selected from the group consisting of natural rubber ( NR), the synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), the various isoprene copolymers and the mixtures of these elastomers. The isoprene elastomer is preferably natural rubber or synthetic polyisoprene of the cis-1,4 type. Among these synthetic polyisoprenes, polyisoprenes having a content (mol%) of cis-1,4 bonds greater than 90%, more preferably still greater than 98%, are preferably used. According to a preferred embodiment, each layer of rubber composition comprises 50 to 100 phr of natural rubber. According to other preferred embodiments, the diene elastomer may consist, in whole or in part, of another diene elastomer such as, for example, an SBR elastomer used in or with another elastomer, for example type 35 BR. The rubber composition may contain one or more diene elastomer (s), this last one (s) may be used in combination with any type of synthetic elastomer other than diene, or even with polymers other than elastomers. The rubber composition may also comprise all or part of the additives normally used in rubber matrices for the manufacture of tires, such as, for example, reinforcing fillers such as carbon black or silica, coupling agents, anti-aging agents, antioxidants, plasticizers or extension oils, whether these are of aromatic or non-aromatic nature, plasticizing resins with a high glass transition temperature, setting agents, use, tackifying resins, anti-eversion agents, methylene acceptors and donors, reinforcing resins, a crosslinking or vulcanization system. Preferably, the crosslinking system of the rubber composition is a so-called vulcanization system, i.e. based on sulfur (or a sulfur donor agent) and a primary vulcanization accelerator. To this basic vulcanization system may be added various known secondary accelerators or vulcanization activators. The sulfur is used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 10 phr, the primary vulcanization accelerator, for example a sulfenamide, is used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 10 phr. The level of reinforcing filler, for example carbon black or silica, is preferably greater than 50 phr, especially between 50 and 150 phr. Carbon blacks are suitable for all carbon blacks, in particular blacks of the HAF, ISAF, SAF type conventionally used in tires (so-called pneumatic grade blacks). Of these, more particular mention will be made of ASTM 300, 600 or 700 (for example N326, N330, N347, N375, N683, N772). Suitable silicas are in particular precipitated or pyrogenic silicas having a BET surface area of less than 450 m 2 / g, preferably from 30 to 400 m 2 / g. Those skilled in the art will know, in the light of the present description, adjust the formulation of the rubber composition in order to achieve the desired levels of properties (including modulus of elasticity), and adapt the formulation to the specific application envisaged. Preferably, the rubber composition has, in the crosslinked state, a secant modulus in extension, at 10% elongation, which is between 4 and 25 MPa, more preferably between 4 and 20 MPa; values in particular between 5 and 15 MPa have proved to be particularly suitable for reinforcing tire belts. The modulus measurements are carried out in tension, unless otherwise indicated according to ASTM D 412 of 1998 (specimen "C"): the secant modulus is measured in second elongation (that is to say after an accommodation cycle). "true" (that is to say, brought back to the actual section of the test piece) at 10% elongation, noted here Ms and expressed in MPa (normal temperature and hygrometry conditions according to ASTM D 1349 of 1999). According to a preferred embodiment, in the multilayer laminate of the invention, the thermoplastic layer (12) is provided with an adhesive layer with respect to each layer of rubber composition with which it is exposed. contact.
    [0044] To adhere the rubber to this thermoplastic material, it is possible to use any suitable adhesive system, for example a simple textile glue of the "RFL" type (resorcinolformaldehyde-latex) comprising at least one diene elastomer such as natural rubber, or any adhesive equivalent equivalent known to confer a satisfactory adhesion between rubber and conventional thermoplastic fibers such as polyester or polyamide fibers, such as for example the adhesive compositions described in applications WO 2013/017421, WO 2013/017422, WO 2013/017423 . By way of example, the sizing process may comprise essentially the following successive steps: passing through a bath of glue, followed by spinning (for example by blowing, sizing) in order to eliminate the excess of glue; then drying for example by passing through a heating oven or tunnel (for example for 30 s at 180 ° C) and finally heat treatment (for example for 30 s at 230 ° C). Prior to the above sizing, it may be advantageous to activate the surface of the thermoplastic material, for example mechanically and / or physically and / or chemically, to improve its adhesion and / or final adhesion to the adhesive. rubber. Mechanical treatment may for example consist of a preliminary step of matting or scratching of the surface; a physical treatment may for example consist of a radiation treatment such as an electron beam; a chemical treatment may for example consist of a prior passage in an epoxy resin bath and / or isocyanate compound. Since the surface of the thermoplastic material is generally smooth, it may also be advantageous to add a thickener to the glue used, in order to improve the total adhesive uptake of the multi-composite reinforcement during its gluing.
    [0045] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the connection between the thermoplastic polymer layer of the multi-composite reinforcement of the invention and each layer of rubber with which it is in contact in the multilayer laminate of the invention is ensured definitively when final curing (crosslinking) of the rubber article, particularly the bandage, for which the laminate is intended. EXAMPLES OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION P10-3597 3036651 - Hereinafter, examples of manufacture of single strands in CVR, followed by multicomponent ribbons and multilayer laminates according to the invention based on these single strands in CVR, are described below. and their use as reinforcing elements of pneumatic tires.
    [0046] The appended FIG. 7 schematizes very simply an example of a device 100 allowing the production of monobrins (10) as schematized in FIG. 1. It shows a coil 110 containing, in the example illustrated, glass fibers 111. (in the form of multifilaments 101). The spool is unwound continuously by driving, so as to make a rectilinear arrangement 112 of these fibers 111. In general, the reinforcing fibers are delivered in "rovings", that is to say already in groups of fibers wound in parallel. on a reel; for example, fibers sold by Owens Corning under the designation "Advantex" fiber, with a titre of 1200 tex (as a reminder, 1 tex = 1 g / 1000 m fiber), are used. This is for example the traction exerted by the rotary reception 126 which will allow the advancement of the fibers in parallel and the CVR single-strand all along the installation 100. This arrangement 112 then passes through a vacuum chamber 113 (connected a vacuum pump not shown), disposed between an inlet pipe 113a and an outlet pipe 113b 20 opening on an impregnation chamber 114, the two preferably rigid wall pipes having for example an upper minimum section (typically twice as much) at the total fiber section and a much greater length (typically 50 times more) at said minimum section.
    [0047] As already taught by the aforementioned EP-A-1 174 250, the use of rigid-walled tubing, both for the inlet port in the vacuum chamber and for the outlet port of the chamber to be used. vacuum and transfer from the vacuum chamber to the impregnation chamber, is compatible both with high rates of passage of the fibers through the orifices without breaking the fibers, but also ensures a seal 30 sufficient. It suffices, if necessary experimentally, to search for the largest section of passage, taking into account the total section of the fibers to be treated, again making it possible to provide sufficient sealing, taking into account the speed of advance of the fibers and the length tubing. Typically, the vacuum inside the chamber 113 is for example of the order of 0.1 bar, the length of the vacuum chamber is about 1 meter.
    [0048] At the outlet of the vacuum chamber 113 and the outlet pipe 113b, the fiber arrangement 111 passes through an impregnation chamber 114 comprising a feed tank 115 (connected to a metering pump, not shown) and a reservoir. impregnation impregnation 116 completely filled with impregnating composition 117 based on a curable resin of the vinylester type 40 (eg, "E-Nova FW 2045" from DSM). By way of example, the composition P10-3597 3036651 further comprises (at a weight ratio of 1 to 2%) a photoinitiator suitable for the UV and / or UV-visible radiation by which the composition will be subsequently treated, for example bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) -phenylphosphine oxide ("Irgacure 819" from BASF). It may also comprise (for example about 5% to 15%) of a crosslinking agent such as, for example, tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate triacrylate ("SR 368" from Sartomer). Of course, the impregnating composition 117 is in the liquid state. Preferably, the length of the impregnation chamber is several meters, for example between 2 and 10 m, in particular between 3 and 5 m.
    [0049] Thus, from impregnation chamber 114, in an impervious outlet pipe 118 (always under primary vacuum), an impregnated material comprising for example (% by weight) from 65 to 75% of solid fibers 111, the rest ( 25 to 35%) being constituted by the liquid impregnation matrix 117.
    [0050] The impregnated material then passes through calibration means 119 comprising at least one calibration die 120 whose channel (not shown here), for example of rectangular or oblong shape, is adapted to the particular conditions of production. For example, this channel has a minimum cross section of rectangular shape whose downstream orifice has dimensions (width and height) slightly greater than those of the targeted single-core. The die has a length that is typically greater than at least 100 times the minimum dimension of the minimum section. Its function is to ensure a high dimensional accuracy to the finished product, it can also play a role of dosing the fiber ratio with respect to the resin. According to a possible variant embodiment, the die 120 may be directly integrated with the impregnation chamber 114, which avoids, for example, the use of the outlet pipe 118. Preferably, the length of the calibration zone is several centimeters, for example between 5 and 50 cm, in particular between 5 and 20 cm.
    [0051] Thanks to the calibration means (119, 120), a "liquid" composite monofilament (121), liquid in the sense that its impregnating resin is at this stage always liquid, whose shape of the cross-section is preferably substantially rectangular or oblong.
    [0052] At the outlet of the sizing means (119,120), the liquid composite monofilament (121) thus obtained is then polymerized by passing through a UV irradiation chamber (122) having a sealed glass tube (123) through which circulates the composite monobrin; said tube, whose diameter is typically a few cm (for example 2 to 3 cm), is irradiated with a plurality (here, for example 4 in number) of UV irradiators (124) in line P10-3597 3036651 - 26 - (UVAprint lamps from Dr. Flônle, wavelength 200 to 600 nm) arranged at short distance (a few cm) from the glass tube. Preferably, the length of the irradiation chamber is several meters, for example between 2 and 15 m, in particular between 3 and 10 m. In this example, the irradiation tube 123 is traversed by a stream of nitrogen. The irradiation conditions are preferably adjusted in such a way that, at the outlet of the impregnation chamber, the temperature of the CVR monofilament, measured at the surface of the latter (for example using a thermocouple), is greater than the Tg (Tgi) of the crosslinked resin, and more preferably less than 270 ° C. Once the resin has polymerized (cured), the CVR (125) solid state, this time in the solid state, driven in the direction of arrow F, then arrives on its final receiving coil (126). Finally, a finished composite block of manufacture as shown schematically in FIG. 1 is obtained in the form of a continuous CVR monofilament (10) of very great length, the unit glass filaments (101) of which are distributed homogeneous throughout the volume of cured resin (102). Its thickness and width are for example equal to about 0.3 and 1.5 mm. The process described above can be carried out at high speed, preferably greater than 50 m / min, for example between 50 and 150 m / min.
    [0053] The CVR monobrins thus obtained are then subjected to a sizing operation by passing through an aqueous bath (about 94% water) essentially based on epoxy resin (polyglycol polyglycidyl ether "DENACOL" EX-512 from Nagase ChemteX Corporation). about 1%) and isocyanate compound (blocked caprolactam, "GRILBOND" IL-6 from EMS, about 5%), sizing step followed by drying (30 s at 185 ° C) followed by treatment thermal (30 s at 200 ° C). Thus glued and then assembled in bundles of parallel fibers (reel system provided for several coils), the single strands for example 4 in number are inserted in a "guide-wire", equipped with a voltage regulator, before mounting in a head extrusion; they are then subjected to a sheathing operation by the thermoplastic material (12), in this case a PET ("Artenius Design +" from the company Artenius, density> 1.39, Tg2 equal to about 76 ° C., Tf equal at approximately 230 ° C.) per passage (10 m / min) through an extrusion head ("Nextrom" extruder NMC45-24D, raised to 290 ° C.). Cooling took place by passing through a cold water bath at the extruder outlet. The multicomposite ribbon of the invention thus obtained, as schematized for example in the previous FIG. 2, had the following final properties: Tm equal to about 0.3 mm; Wm equal to about 1.5 mm; emin equal to about 0.15 mm; TR equal to about 0.6 mm; WR is about 10 mm; "D" equal to about 0.8 mm; Tgi equals about 180 ° C; Tg 2 is about 76 ° C; Ar equal to about 3.8%; ERL20 equal to about 14 GPa; ERT20 equal to about 1800 MPa; EM20 equal to about 34 GPa; E9M150 equal to about 5 GPa; E'm (rgi -25) / E'm20 equal to about 0.92; elastic deformation in flexural compression of each single strand equal to about 3.6%; compressive stress under bending of each single strand equal to about 1350 MPa; weight ratio of glass fibers in each single strand equal to about 70%; initial module in extension of the thermoset vinylester resin, at 20 ° C, equal to about 3.6 GPa; initial PET extension module (at 20 ° C) equal to about 1100 MPa; elastic stretching of PET (at 20 ° C) greater than 5%; elongation at break of PET (at 20 ° C) greater than 10%. The multicomposite ribbon of the invention thus produced is advantageously usable, particularly in the form of a multilayer laminate according to the invention, for reinforcing tires, pneumatic or non-pneumatic, of all types of vehicles, in particular vehicles. tourism or industrial vehicles such as heavy vehicles, civil engineering, aircraft, other transport or handling vehicles. By way of example, FIG. 8 very schematically (without respecting a specific scale) shows a radial section of a tire, whether or not in accordance with the invention, in this general representation. This tire 200 has a top 202 reinforced by a crown reinforcement 206, two sidewalls 203 and two beads 204, each of these beads 204 being reinforced with a bead 205. The top 202 is topped with a tread not shown in this schematic figure. A carcass reinforcement 207 is wound around the two rods 205 in each bead 204, the upturn 208 of this armature 207 being for example disposed towards the outside of the tire 200 which is shown here mounted on its rim 209. Of course, this bandage Pneumatic tire 200 further comprises in a known manner a layer of rubber 201, commonly known as a rubber or sealing layer, which defines the radially inner face of the tire and which is intended to protect the carcass ply from the diffusion of air coming from the interior space to the tire. The carcass reinforcement 207, in the tires of the prior art, is generally constituted by at least one rubber ply reinforced with "radial" textile or metal reinforcements, that is to say that these reinforcements are arranged substantially parallel to each other and extend from one bead to the other so as to form an angle of between 80 ° and 90 ° with the median circumferential plane (plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire which is located halfway between the two beads 204 and passes through the middle of 40 the crown reinforcement 206). P10-3597 3036651 - 28 - The belt 206 is for example constituted, in the tires of the prior art, by at least two layers of rubber called "working plies" or "triangulation plies", superimposed and crossed, reinforced with metal cables arranged substantially parallel to each other and inclined relative to the median circumferential plane, these working plies may or may not be associated with other plies and / or fabrics of rubber. These working plies have the primary function of giving the tire a high rigidity of drift. The belt 206 may furthermore comprise, in this example, a rubber sheet called a "hooping sheet" reinforced by so-called "circumferential" reinforcing threads, that is to say that these reinforcing threads are arranged substantially parallel to each other. to others and extend substantially circumferentially around the tire so as to form an angle preferably within a range of 0 to 100 with the medial circumferential plane. These circumferential reinforcing threads have the particular function of resisting centrifugation of the top at high speed. A pneumatic tire 200, when in accordance with the invention, has the preferred feature that at least its belt (206) and / or its carcass reinforcement (207) comprises a multilayer laminate according to the invention, consisting of at least one multicomposite ribbon according to the invention disposed between and in contact with two layers of diene rubber composition. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, this multicomposite ribbon of the invention can be used between and in contact with two layers of rubber composition, the multilayer laminate according to the invention thus obtained very advantageously making it possible to replace the two triangulation top plies (work), or both triangulation plies and the fretted top ply. According to another possible embodiment of the invention, it is the bead area which can be reinforced with such a multicomposite reinforcement; it is for example the rods (5) which could consist, in whole or in part, of a multicomposite reinforcement according to the invention. In these examples of FIG. 8, the rubber compositions used for the multilayer laminates according to the invention are, for example, conventional compositions for calendering textile reinforcements, typically based on natural rubber, carbon black or silica, a vulcanization system and usual additives. Thanks to the invention, compared to rubber compositions reinforced with steel cables, they are advantageously free of metal salt such as cobalt salt. The adhesion between the multicomposite ribbon of the invention and the rubber layer which encapsulates it can be ensured in a simple and known manner, for example by a conventional RFL-type glue (resorcinol-formaldehyde-P10-3597 3036651). latex), or using more recent glues as described for example in the aforementioned applications WO 2013/017421, WO 2013/017422, WO 2013/017423. In conclusion, the advantages of the multilayer laminate and the multicomposite ribbon of the invention are numerous (low thickness, low density, low overall cost, insensitivity to corrosion) compared to conventional metal fabrics, and the results obtained by the invention. The invention opens up a very large number of possible applications, in particular as a reinforcing element for the tire belt for vehicles, arranged between the tread and the carcass reinforcement of such tires.
    [0054] 10 P10-3597
    权利要求:
    Claims (38)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Flat reinforcement in the form of a multicomposite ribbon (R1, R2, R3) defining three main directions perpendicular, axial (X), transverse (Y) and radial (Z), of width WR measured in the Y direction between 2 and 100 mm and with a thickness TR measured in the direction Z of between 0.1 and 5 mm, the shape ratio WR / TR being greater than 3, this multicomposite ribbon comprising at least: a plurality of monobrins (10, 20) composite material, oriented in the X direction, comprising filaments of a mineral material (101) embedded in a thermoset resin (102) whose glass transition temperature denoted Tgi is greater than 70 ° C; this plurality of single strands (10, 20) being embedded in a layer of thermoplastic material (12); all or some of these single strands (10, 20) themselves being flat with a width Wm measured along the Y direction and with a thickness Tm measured along the Z direction, with a shape ratio Wm / Tm greater than 1.5.
    [0002]
    2. Reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein Tgi is greater than 100 ° C, preferably greater than 150 ° C.
    [0003]
    3. Reinforcement according to claim 2, wherein Tgi is greater than 170 ° C, preferably equal to or greater than 190 ° C.
    [0004]
    4. Reinforcement according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic noted Tg2 is greater than -30 ° C, preferably greater than 20 ° C.
    [0005]
    5. Reinforcement according to claim 4, wherein Tg2 is greater than 50 ° C, preferably greater than 70 ° C.
    [0006]
    6. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 5, whose elongation at break noted Ar, measured at 20 ° C, is equal to or greater than 3.0%, preferably equal to or greater than 3.5%. .
    [0007]
    7. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the modulus in longitudinal extension noted E20, measured at 20 ° C, is greater than 10 GPa, preferably between 12 and 20 GPa. P10-3597 3036651 - 31 -
    [0008]
    8. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the transverse extension module noted ERT20, measured at 20 ° C, is greater than 300 MPa, preferably between 300 and 3000 MPa. 5
    [0009]
    9. Reinforcement according to claim 8, the cross-sectional modulus noted ERT20, measured at 20 ° C, is greater than 1000 MPa, preferably between 1000 and 3000 MPa.
    [0010]
    10. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the initial modulus 10 in extension denoted Em20 of each single strand, measured at 20 ° C, is greater than 30 GPa, preferably greater than 35 GPa.
    [0011]
    11. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the real part of the complex module denoted V111150 of each single strand, measured at 150 ° C by the DTMA method, is greater than 25 GPa, preferably greater than 30. GPa.
    [0012]
    12. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the elastic deformation in flexural compression of each single-strand is greater than 3.0%, preferably greater than 3.5%. 20
    [0013]
    13. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the compression stress under flexure of each single-strand is greater than 1000 MPa, preferably greater than 1200 MPa. 25
    [0014]
    14. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the weight of filaments in each single-core, is between 60 and 80%, preferably between 65 and 75%.
    [0015]
    Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the width W m of each flat monofilament is between 0.1 and 30 mm, preferably between 0.2 and 20 mm.
    [0016]
    16. A reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the thickness Tm of each flat monofilament is between 0.05 and 3.0 mm, preferably between 0.1 and 2.5 mm. 35
    [0017]
    17. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the form ratio Wm / Tm of each flat monofilament is greater than 2, preferably greater than 3.
    [0018]
    18. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the flat single strands 40 are two by two separated by a mean distance "d" along Y such that the ratio d / Wm is between 0.1 and 3, 0, preferably between 0.2 and 2. P10-3597 3036651 - 32 -
    [0019]
    19. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the number of single cores is in a range of 2 to 40, preferably in a range of 3 to 30. 5
    [0020]
    20. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein all of the single strands are flat monobrins with a form ratio Wm / Tm greater than 1.5, preferably greater than 2.0.
    [0021]
    21. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the mineral material is selected from glass, carbon, boron and ceramic, preferably is glass.
    [0022]
    22. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the thermoset resin is a polyester or vinylester resin, preferably vinylester. 15
    [0023]
    23. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the initial modulus in extension of the thermoset resin, measured at 20 ° C, is greater than 3.0 GPa, preferably greater than 3.5 GPa.
    [0024]
    The reinforcement of any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the thermoplastic material is a polymer or a polymer composition.
    [0025]
    The reinforcement of claim 24, wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyesters, polyimides, and mixtures of such polymers, preferably from the group consisting of polyesters, polyetherimides, and blends. such polymers.
    [0026]
    26. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein the initial modulus in extension of the thermoplastic material, measured at 20 ° C, is between 300 and 3000 MPa, preferably between 500 and 2500 MPa. 30
    [0027]
    27. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the elastic elongation of the thermoplastic material, measured at 20 ° C, is greater than 5%, preferably greater than 8%. 35
    [0028]
    28. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the elongation at break of the thermoplastic material, measured at 20 ° C, is greater than 10%, preferably greater than 15%.
    [0029]
    29. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein the minimum thickness (emin) of the layer of thermoplastic material covering each single strand at the periphery of the reinforcement is between 0.05 and 0.5 mm preferably between 0.1 and 0.4 mm. P10-3597 3036651 - 33 -
    [0030]
    30. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 29, whose width WR is between 2.5 and 50 mm, preferably between 3 and 40 mm.
    [0031]
    31. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 30, whose thickness TR is between 0.15 and 3 mm, preferably between 0.20 and 2.5 mm.
    [0032]
    32. Reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 31, whose form ratio Wa / TR is greater than 5, preferably greater than 10. 10
    [0033]
    33. Multilayer laminate (30) comprising at least one reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 32 disposed between and in contact with two layers of rubber composition (14a, 14b).
    [0034]
    34. A semi-finished plastic or rubber article or product comprising a reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 32 or a multilayer laminate according to claim 33.
    [0035]
    Tire for vehicle, pneumatic or non-pneumatic, comprising a reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 32 or a multilayer laminate according to claim 33.
    [0036]
    36. The tire of claim 35, wherein the reinforcement or multilayer laminate is present in the belt or carcass reinforcement of this tire. 25
    [0037]
    Bandage according to claim 35, wherein the reinforcement or multilayer laminate is present in the bead zone of this bandage.
    [0038]
    38. Use of a reinforcement according to any one of claims 1 to 32, or a multilayer laminate according to claim 33, as reinforcing element of an article 30 or semi-finished product of plastic or rubber. P10-3597
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    KR20180013903A|2018-02-07|
    FR3036651B1|2017-05-19|
    JP2018516786A|2018-06-28|
    US10994573B2|2021-05-04|
    EP3303006A1|2018-04-11|
    CN107690393A|2018-02-13|
    WO2016189126A1|2016-12-01|
    EP3303006B1|2020-04-01|
    JP6797136B2|2020-12-09|
    US20180170109A1|2018-06-21|
    CN107690393B|2019-09-13|
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    法律状态:
    2016-05-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-12-02| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20161202 |
    2017-05-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-05-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-02-14| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20200108 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1554800A|FR3036651B1|2015-05-28|2015-05-28|MULTI-COMPOSITE FLAT REINFORCEMENT|FR1554800A| FR3036651B1|2015-05-28|2015-05-28|MULTI-COMPOSITE FLAT REINFORCEMENT|
    JP2017561831A| JP6797136B2|2015-05-28|2016-05-27|Multi-composite flat reinforcement|
    KR1020177033928A| KR20180013903A|2015-05-28|2016-05-27|Multiple composite flat stiffener|
    PCT/EP2016/061990| WO2016189126A1|2015-05-28|2016-05-27|Multi-composite planar reinforcement|
    EP16727392.9A| EP3303006B1|2015-05-28|2016-05-27|Flat multi-composit reinforcement|
    CN201680030855.6A| CN107690393B|2015-05-28|2016-05-27|More composite plane reinforcements|
    US15/577,414| US10994573B2|2015-05-28|2016-05-27|Multi-composite planar reinforcement|
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